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Bipolar Disorder

Bipolar Disorder is a group of brain disorders that can cause extreme fluctuation in a person’s mood, energy and ability to function. 

A person with bipolar disorder may experience periods of great excitement, overactivity, delusions and euphoria, often referred to as mania or hypomanic episodes. Or they may experience periods of extreme sadness and hopelessness, often referred to as depressive episodes with potentially some psychotic symptoms during these episodes.


There are 3 types of bipolar disorder:

  • Bipolar I: Usually consists of severe hypomanic symptoms and sometimes depressive episodes which may or may not be accompanied by psychotic episodes. Sometimes the manic episodes are so severe that an individual requires immediate hospital care. A person may get a diagnosis of bipolar I, if they have experienced at least one episode of mania that has lasted longer than a week.
  • Bipolar II: Consists of depressive and manic episodes which alternate and are less severe than those found in Bipolar 1, and do not inhibit functions. A person may get a diagnosis of Bipolar II if they have experienced at least one episode of severe depression and symptoms of hypomania.
  • Cyclothymia: Consists of brief episodes of hypomania and depression. A person may get a diagnosis of Cyclothymia disorder if they have experienced both hypomanic and depressive states over the course of 2 years or more, or if their symptoms aren’t severe enough to meet the criteria for a diagnosis of Bipolar I or Bipolar II.

Signs

Experiencing Mania, Hypomanic episodes, or Depressive episodes for long periods of time are signs of bipolar disorder. Here are examples of what it is like experiencing these episodes:

Experiencing Manic or Hypomanic episodes:

Mania is the elevated, expansive, or irritable mood that lasts for at least one week and perhaps is present nearly every day. 

Signs of Mania could include:

  • Inflated self-esteem or grandiosity
  • Decreased need for sleep
  • Increased talkativeness
  • Racing thoughts
  • Distracted easily
  • Increased goal-directed activity or psychomotor agitation
  • Engaging in activities that hold potential for painful consequences, e.g. unrestrained buying sprees

Experiencing depressive episodes:

A depressive state is a sense of feeling extreme sadness and hopelessness. They may perhaps lose interest or pleasure in life and experience at least 5 of these symptoms in 2 weeks:

    • Depressed mood most of the day, nearly every day

      • Loss of interest or pleasure in all or almost all activities
      • Significant weight changes due to a decrease or increase in appetite
      • Engaging in purposeless movements, such as pacing the room
      • Fatigue or loss of energy
      • Feelings of worthlessness or guilt
      • Diminished ability to think or concentrate, or indecisiveness
      • Recurrent thoughts of death or recurrent suicidal ideation without a specific plan or a suicide attempt

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