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Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD)

Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is a personality disorder that is characterised by a pattern of emotional instability and unstable relationships with other people.

It affects a person’s thoughts, emotions, self-image, and behaviour. It is not usually diagnosed before the age of 18 but symptoms can be recognised in younger people.


Signs

Emotional Instability

Emotional instability or Emotional dysregulation is the inability to modulate the range, intensity, liability, and appropriateness of the emotional response. People with BPD may experience mood swings and tend to view things in extremes, such as all good or bad. 

Those with BPD may experience these feelings:

    • Intense and highly changeable moods, with each episode lasting from a few hours to a few days
    • Inappropriate, intense anger or problems controlling anger.
    • Chronic feelings of emptiness
    • Feelings of dissociation, such as feeling cut off from oneself or seeing oneself from outside one’s body, or feelings of unreality

    Disturbed Patterns of Thinking or Perception

    Disturbed patterns of thinking or perception are extreme and inaccurate perceptions and interpretations of oneself and those around a person. 

    The following may show a sign of disturbed patterns of thinking and perception:

      • A person that is considered to be friends one day, may be considered as an enemy or a traitor on another occasion
      • Devaluing other people or oneself, extreme black-or-white thinking
      • Distrustful and suspicious thoughts that are unusual, or odd beliefs that are contrary to cultural norms and thoughts; may include perceptual distortion and bodily illusions

      Impulsive Behaviour

      • People with BPD find it hard to regulate their internal drives or impulses which may lead to risky behaviours such as:
      • Uncontrolled spending sprees
      • Unsafe sex
      • Substance abuse
      • Reckless driving
      • Binge eating

      Intense and unstable relationships with others

      Symptoms that a person with BPD may have such as emotional instability, disturbed patterns of thinking or perception and impulsive behaviour make it difficult for individuals to form and maintain healthy relationships.

      Therefore, those with BPD may have unstable relationships with others. 

      Signs of unstable relationships include:

        • Loved ones, family and friends experiencing extreme closeness and love, to sudden extreme dislike or anger
        • Relationships may feel rapidly intimate (physical or emotional) or distanced and cut off, as those with BPD make extreme efforts to avoid real or imagined abandonment

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