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Dementia

Dementia is not a disease itself. It is a collection of symptoms that result from damage to the brain caused by different diseases such as Alzheimer's. These symptoms can vary according to the part of the brain that is damaged.

There are some common early symptoms that may appear sometime before diagnosis of dementia, these include:

  • Memory loss
  • Difficulty concentrating
  • Finding it hard to carry out familiar daily tasks, such as getting confused over the correct change when shopping
  • Struggling to follow a conversation or find the right word
  • Being confused about time and place
  • Mood changes
These symptoms are often mild and may worsen very gradually. It is often termed “mild cognitive impairment” (MCI) as the symptoms are not severe enough to be diagnosed as dementia.

You may not notice these symptoms if you have them, and family and friends may not notice or take them seriously for some time. In some people, these symptoms will remain the same and not worsen. but some people with MCI will go on to develop dementia.

Dementia is not a natural part of ageing. This is why it's important to talk to a GP if you are worried about memory problems or other symptoms as soon as possible. 

Signs

Alzheimer's disease

  • Memory problems, such as regularly forgetting recent events names and faces
  • Asking questions repetitively
  • Increasing difficulties with tasks and activities that require organisation and planning
  • Becoming confused in unfamiliar environments
  • Difficulty finding the right words
  • Difficulty with numbers and / or handling money in shops
  • Becoming more withdrawn or anxious
Vascular Dementia

  • Vascular Dementia is the second most common cause of dementia after Alzheimer's. Some people have both vascular dementia and Alzheimer's disease often called “mixed dementia”.

Signs

  • Stroke like symptoms: including muscle weakness or temporary paralysis on one side of the body (these symptoms require urgent medical attention)
  • Movement problems - difficulty walking or a change in the way a person walks
  • Thinking problems - having difficulty with attention, planning, and reasoning
  • Mood changes - depression and a tendency to become more emotional

Lewy Bodies with Dementia

  • This has many of the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease along with the following:

Signs

  • Periods of being alert or drowsy or fluctuating levels of confusion
  • Visual hallucinations (seeing things that are not there)
  • Becoming slower in their physical movements
  • Repeated falls and fainting
  • Sleep disturbances

Frontotemporal Dementia

  • Most cases are diagnosed in people between the ages of 45 and 65.

Signs

  • Personality changes - reduced sensitivity to others’ feelings, making people seem cold and unfeeling
  • Lack of social awareness - making inappropriate jokes or showing lack of tact, though some people may become very withdrawn and apathetic
  • Language problems - difficulty in finding the right words or understanding them
  • Becoming obsessive - such as developing fads for unusual foods, overeating and drinking

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